Computer Systems Mac Os Essay - 905 Words

The next operating system used in a lot of computer systems is the Apple Macintosh OS. The Apple Macintosh OS can be found in Mac computers, MacBook Pros and Air. The first Mac OS called system 1 was released in 1984. After that apple then released system 2-6 between 1984 and 1988. System 5 brought forth MultiFinder a software that â€Å"could run several programs at once†(apple.wika.com). Apple then released system 7 in 1991. System 7 was a major upgrade in the Mac OS development and was also the longest running OS in apple history. The next Mac OS was the Mac OS X 08; the Mac OS 8 came with a redesigned GUI. â€Å"Mac OS 8 also saw the introduction of an updated version of HFS, HFS+, which fixed many of the limitations of the earlier system† (apple.wikia.com). Mac OS 9 was released in 1999; this was the last of the Mac OS. The new century came with the introduction of the Mac OS X, which replaced the Mac OS. The â€Å"OS X adds the Carbon libraries to allow older pro gramming paradigms from the System 7.x core to be run under OS X and gain many of the benefits of this modern OS core† (apple.wikia.com). The first version of Mac OS X 10 called Cheetah was released in 2001. After that numerous versions of the Mac OS X was release, most of them named after animals. The latest Mac OS X called Yosemite was released in 2014. After the Mac OS X 10.6 users could download the new OS via the apple website or store. Just like Windows, Mac OS has very interesting system architectural design. TheShow MoreRelatedMac Os X And Windows Operating System1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe advent of the Mac OS X and Windows Operating System, have revolutionized how we interact with computers. They have enormously increased our productivity in the work place, improved our efficiency, as well as accurately predicting the future of technology and the potential of innovation. Choosing one over the other, is chiefly a matter of personal preference. Although, fans and users alike, tend to share sentimental opinions on why one is better than the other. Their distinct qualities, make itRead More3 Platform Research Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesServer: Windows Server is a server operating system from Microsoft Corporation. Windows Server offers ease of management through its interface. The Windows Sever web hosting environment supports major Web programming languages and databases such as PHP, MySQL, ASP.NET and MS SQL. Unix (Linux) Server: Unix is a registered trademark of  The Open Group  that refers to a family of computer operating systems. Officially licensed Unix operating systems include OS X (Apple), Solaris (Oracle), AIX (IBM), IRIXRead MoreStatistical Analysis Website For It Industry- Statcounter1112 Words   |  5 Pagesmost popular OS from October 2014 to October 2015. The next most popular six operating systems were Windows 8.1, WinXP (WinXP had no longer renewed by the time this paper was writing), Mac OS X, Windows 8, Windows Vista and Linux. In order to confirm our finding, we further analyzed statistical data from another web company – netmarketshare. It is a website that could provide users the market share of different operating systems, web browsers etc. The result for different operating systems of their marketRead MoreOperating System And The Computer System Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: An operating system is a vital component of the computer system. The common and simple devices like refrigerators and microwave ovens does not have an operating system. The complex systems which handle several components, functions and processes usually have an operating system. The operating system is like the brain of a human being, the brain is an essential organ in the body of human being which sends signals and helps functioning of the human body. Our intelligence, attitude, emotionsRead MoreSystems Software And Application Programs1524 Words   |  7 PagesExplain what an operating system does. The (OS) operating system is the best example of system software. An operating system manages a computer’s hardware and software and provides sources for computer programs. Most application programs require an operating system to function. There are numerous operating systems (OS) one may choose to install on their computer. Each OS will have different looks and functions that differ from the others. Windows 10 is a popular OS that is used widely aroundRead MoreComparison of Mac Vs. PC Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesHello Im a Mac, and Im a PC (Wikipedia). Many people who watch television or online videos might come across the Get a Mac advertisement campaign launched by Apple Inc. personifying the more youthful Justin Long as the cool, hip Mac system and the older, more seasoned John Hodgman as the PC. The Get a Mac commercial series depicts the efficiency and user friendliness of Mac while comparing it to the problematic PC. Though the commercial series might seem convi ncing in favor of the Mac productsRead MoreWindows Xp Architecture vs. Mac Os X Architecture1287 Words   |  6 PagesWindows XP vs. Mac OS X Architecture Kurt Luchtman POS420 Irene Giouvanos May 29th 2006 When looking at the interface of the Mac OS X Operating System and the Microsoft Windows XP operating system many similarities can be seen. The most obvious is the use of blue in the interface. In the core of the systems they both have a micro kernel which addresses thread management, space management and other communications at the system level and is more resistant to attacks from a virus. Mac OS X is a powerfulRead MoreDifference Between Mac And Pc1080 Words   |  5 PagesDifference between Mac and Pc The world we live in today is getting very radical changes since the invention of computer. And from time to time lots of changes have come in this field. Mac and Pc is the most popular computer. They both have some different feature from each other in contrast software and hardware. Let’s start with knowing what exactly these two computers are. Mac Macintosh or mostly known as Mac was invented by Apple Company in January 24, 1984. Steve jobs invented Mac, and since thatRead MoreExplain The Purpose Of An Operating System937 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the purpose of an Operating System: Operating Systems manage hardware and provide services for application software; this means that it makes it easier for users to interact with different software and hardware available on the computer. The most common operating systems are Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. While each OS is different, they all provide a graphical user interface GUI a GUI allows users to click and drag objects with a mouse instead of entering text at a command line. CharacteristicsRead MoreDeploying an Operation System Within Your Organization Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesDEPLOYING AN OPERATING SYSTEM WITHIN YOUR ORGANIZATION An operating system accomplishes the following tasks: interaction between computer and user, providing an environment of which programs operate, and manages files. Yet, each operating system does it its own way. Hence, it is advantageous to know the pros and cons of each operating system before a decision is made. Any kind of operating system can be utilized in most environments; its just a matter of difficulty supporting it regarding maintenance

Boeing Supply Chain Management Essay - 1585 Words

4-3 Short Paper: The Boeing Company A supply chain is a series of integrated processes within and across a company that produce a product or service to meet the demands of a consumer (Krajewski, et. al., 2013). Every company has a specific supply chain design and this design is implemented to meet the company’s competitive priorities. Supply chain management refers to the coordination of the company’s processes with those of customers and suppliers to match the flow of services, materials, and information with customer demand. In today’s global market companies are choosing to outsource many of their processes in order to save time and money. While outsourcing and decentralizing many supply processes may seem to be more cost effective,†¦show more content†¦This resulted in suppliers who did not input accurate and timely information, in part due to cultural differences and lack of trust. Neither Tier 1 suppliers nor Boeing became aware of problems in a ti mely fashion which was time consuming and costly. The second set of problems with the 787 project arose from a lack of oversight and quality control (Denning, 2013). The Tier 1 suppliers were put in charge of coordinating Tier 2 and 3 suppliers however there were no funds or manpower set aside to assist these suppliers with issues or concerns. Tier 1 suppliers ran into issues surrounding time zone differences, language differences, and cultural differences. Many of the Tier 1 suppliers did not possess the necessary skills to manage Tier 2 suppliers nor the know-how to develop different sections of the aircraft. This resulted in significant delays and costly training sessions with the Tier 1 suppliers. Boeing did not anticipate the additional costs associated with these issues. The company ran into quality issues early as some of the parts did not fit together properly as a result of improper quality control and training (Hiltzik, 2011). With the past production of the aircraft 737 a nd 747, Boeing gave suppliers detailed blueprints of parts in order to assure proper specifications and quality. Instead of following this old model for the 787, Boeing gave suppliers less detailed specifications and required them to create theirShow MoreRelatedProduction Planning And Inventory Control1520 Words   |  7 PagesPlanning and Inventory Control Processes covers manufacturing, storage, and related areas. Specifically, the production planning controls the designing and management of the entire airplane manufacturing processes input material scheduling and acquisition, manufacturing, design, and material handling. The inventory control is on the design and management of storage procedures for the raw materials inputs in the airplane manufacturing processes, work-in-progress inventories, and final products. The DistributionRead MoreAnalysis Of Boeing And Lockheed Martin1637 Words   |  7 Pagesaerospace manufactures in the business of building airplanes worldwide such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin. In order to become a global leader in an ultra-competitive market, such as the aerospace industry, Boeing implements cost reducing initiatives such as lean manufacturing practices. In order to build a complex item such as an airplane on time and on budget, a manufacture will require a competent supply chain management system to ensure all the needed parts are available to the builders. ImplementingRead MoreAnalysis Of Boeing And Lockheed Martin1654 Words   |  7 Pagesaerospace manufactures in the business of building airplanes worldwide such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin. In order to become a global leader in an ultra-competitive market, such as the aerospace industry, Boeing implements cost reducing initiatives such as lean manufacturing practices. In order to build a complex item such as an airplane on time and on budget, a manufacture will require a competent supply chain management system to ensure all the needed parts are available to the builders. ImplementingRead MoreBoeing Strategic Plan1096 Words   |  5 PagesMISSION STATEMENT Boeings focus is on the practice of eight core company values Leadership, Integrity, Quality, Customer satisfaction, Employee corp., Diverse and involve team, Good Corporate citizenship and Enhance shareholder value STRATEGIC PLAN Boeing continuously scrutinizes its segments and divisions to ensure alignment with the company vision TEN STRATEGY OM DECISIONS GOODS AND SERVICE DESIGN: Boeing is the worlds largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetlinersRead MoreSupply Chain Managment Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluate 4.1: Short Paper Evaluate 4.1 Short Paper- Supply Chain Management 1. What aspects of Boeings supplier relations program specifically address reduce inventories; maintain quality, regulatory compliance, and competiveness? Boeing’s supplier relations program is quite expansive and addresses all notable concerns of big a business. In order to reduce inventories by way of its supply chain relations program, Boeing has set in place guidelines and/or procurement policies which actRead MoreBoeings Supply Chain System1531 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Boeing follows the goal of â€Å"to find and apply the best, most innovative technologies and processes in the world to improve our products and services† (Boeing Frontiers, 2005). By utilizing the contents of this quote it is apparent at what Boeing is best at accomplishing internally which is their innovations through RD and their supply chain management system. These assets improve their products and services enabling Boeing to become the aerospace conglomerate of today. By analyzingRead MoreA New Enterprise Resource Planning System1627 Words   |  7 Pagesis an organizational change† (Spector B). Successful change must involve top management, including the board and chief executive. To sustain change, the structures of the organization itself should be modified, including strategic plans, policies and procedures. Boeing, a global aircraft manufacturer that has been around since 1916, is a prime example of organizational change. Within the past several years Boeing has undergone widespread changes to help the company during the economic problemsRead MoreAnalysis Of Boeing s Supply Chain3108 Words   |  13 PagesThe Boeing Company An Analysis of Boeing’s Supply Chain Michael Mullen Executive MBA Program Spring 2015 Advanced International Monetary Economics Dr. Ravi S. Behara April 26, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Problem Statement 4 Supply Chain Analysis 4 Recommendations 8 Implementation 10 Conclusion 13 Reference List 14 Introduction In 1916, the Boeing Company (Boeing), was founded in Seattle Washington. Boeing is one of the world’sRead MoreThe Risk And Benefits Of Outsourcing Supply Chain And Risk Management Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages The Risk and Benefits of Outsourcing Supply Chain and Risk Management. How Boeing 787 Supply Chain Issues Affected Other Industries? Debates between business professionals regarding risk and benefits of outsourcing is becoming increasingly heated with particular focus on risks as unanticipated costs, potential for setbacks, integration difficulties, quality or benefits as minimize overall cost, focus on other business area, meet customer demand and flexibility. However, being prepared, doneRead MoreSolving The Solutions With Current Erp System1020 Words   |  5 Pagesimplement RFID technology to its SKU s stored in the warehouse. Two major aircraft manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing, which constitutes more than 80% of American Airlines fleet, are currently using this technology to improve their supply chain in airplane manufacturing. Airbus has communicated to its suppliers to tag all traceable items with passive RFID transporters (Roberti M., 2015). Boeing is also using this technology to optimize maintenance activities with specific information regarding maintenance

Call Center Sample Sheet Free Essays

Call Center and Online Advertising Offer Sheet Needed: Seeking Experienced Centers for the following offers: Reverse Mortgage – $12 per call and PayChex (B2B) $18 per call. If you can do these offers let us know and we’ll set the offers up on our network. Service Majic: WE ARE LOOKING FOR CALLERS INTERESTED IN BEING MATCHED UP WITH A HOME IMPROVEMENT CONTRACTOR. We will write a custom essay sample on Call Center Sample Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Various home repair areas of interest. Let us know if you have experience in this vertical. The Scooter Store: Live call transfer, pay per call campaign. The leading provider of power chairs and scooters for people with limited mobility, with a strong tradition of customer service. Payout: $12 per lead, 2 minute min call (120 seconds). Live Campaigns ready to go: The Scooter Store: Live call transfer, pay per call campaign. The leading provider of power chairs and scooters for people with limited mobility, with a strong tradition of customer service. Payout: $12 per lead, 2 minute min call (120 seconds). RateChecker. com: Mortgage Refinance campaign. Exclusive Leads Only. Online Form: $15 per lead 24/7 operation, USA target, Refinance loan over $100,000. Good credit or better LTV less than 90% . Call Center (ftp voice files) or Web Traffic Leads Accepted. No Incentives No coregs Leads cannot be sold to other entities. Loan Modification Live Call Transfer Campaign: $15 per lead if call is longer than 1 min 30 seconds. Target: USA Hours: Mon-Fri: 9am to 9pm EST. Quicken Loans: Call transfer campaign. 24/7 operation, USA target. WE ARE LOOKING FOR CALLERS INTERESTED IN REFINANCE, HOME EQUITY OR HOME PURCHASE LOANS, WITH GOOD TO EXCELLENT CREDIT – MINIMUM CREDIT SCORE OF 620+. Payouts: Customer must be on the phone with Quicken Loans for at least 90 seconds. $11. 00 per call if duration 1 min 30 sec. Note: There is no IVR, you are doing a live transfer to Quicken Loans. Payments are monthly net 20. 100DayLoans Pay Per Call Campaign: Live call transfer campaign. It’s that easy! We search more banks, Financial Companies, and Payday Lenders for the highest loan amounts and the lowest interest rates available. Our automated system can search over 122 Credit Loan providers to lend you the funds you need. Payout: $5. 00 per call if connect_duration ; 90 sec. Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm (Arizona Time) Auto Insurance Quote: Fill out online form at StartAutoLoan. om: This car insurance quote campaign is pure lead gen. Call Center to make outbound call and get customer on the phone. Customer must be interested in getting free car insurance quotes from multiple companies that will compete for the business. Record calls for quality assurance and fill out the quick form online†¦. $4 per lead. Payments are Monthly, net 20. Auto Warranty Expired pay per call offer: Avoid Unne cessary Auto Costs! Is your manufacturers auto warranty about to expire or expired? Is Your Car Under 10 Years Old with Less than 100k Miles? CALL NOW to Get an Extended Auto Protection Plan! Payout: $10. 00 per call if in_region and during_hours and connect_duration ; 1 min 30 sec. Devry University: pay per call campaign: Get customer on the phone and give them the 800# to call. Customer must call the 800# themselves†¦. this is not a live transfer, customer must dial the 800#. Payout: $15 per lead where customer is on the phone with Devry for at least 2 min (120 seconds) or more. Payments are monthly net 20. Hours: Mon-Fri 😠   Ã‚  8:00 am to 9:00 pm| (all times Central)| CollegeandTuition. com Education Call Transfer: Campaign 1 (Feb 20 Launch date): EDU live call transfer campaign. Get paid $15-$20 per lead. Each student could be submitted up to 4 schools so you get paid each time their information is submitted to a school. Overall you should average 1. 5-1. 8 schools per lead. Call center to get customer on the phone and prequalify they have graduated high school. Payments are monthly net 30 Campaign 2: EDU live call transfer. Interested in Continuing Your Education to Further Your Career, Get a Promotion, or Maybe Even Change Your Profession? Get a Free Education Counseling Session to Quickly Help You Find the Best School for Your Studies and Financial Situation. All online and Campus based schools, very large portfolio of schools for leads. Payout: $7. 00 per call if in_region and during_hours and duration ; 45 sec Target: USA, Calling Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am to 8:00 pm, Sat:10:00 am-5:00 pm, (all times Eastern) Campaign 3: EDU live call transfer. If You’re A High School Graduate and are Looking for a Better Paying Job, Getting Your College Degree will Help Increase Your Earning Potential. Our inbound transfers are focused on the following degrees and programs: business, criminal justice, IT, health administration (not Nursing), and medical billing. Online and Campus. Target: USA Payout: $9. 00 per call if connect_duration 1 min. Hours: Mon-Fri : 8:00 am to 8:00 pm, Sat : 9:00 am to 2:00 pm (all times Mountain) Lawsuit Cash Advance Campaign: People who are involved in a lawsuit but have not settled lawsuit. Great for subprime data. Get 5% of cash advance loan amount. Most loans are $2,000 to $5,000 and get funded within 72 hours. Pai d weekly. Direct TV campaign: Outbound call then Live Call transfer to Direct TV, 24/7 operation. Base: $1. 00 per call if in_region and pressed[1] and connect_duration 3 min Bonus: $6. 00 per call if connect_duration 15 min Bonus: $7. 00 per call if connect_duration 20 min DIRECTV packages start at $29. 99/month for 12 months and a Free Whole Home Upgrade with a two year agreement. Free HD (requires choice Xtra package or above and auto bill pay. ) DIRECTV delivers satellite-based television and broadband services to over 18 million US customers in homes and businesses. With our electronic program guide, digital video recorder (DVR) services, interactive features, HD programming and quality customer service, DIRECTV continues to offer consumers a superior alternative to cable and a superior offering for affiliate partners. DIRECTV subscribers enjoy access to over 285 channels of 100% digital picture and sound, exclusive programming and the most comprehensive collection of sports programming available anywhere, including NFL SUNDAY TICKETâ„ ¢ To-Go and MLB EXTRA INNINGS ®. Payments are monthly net 20. DISH Network Campaign: Live call transfers. $7 per call if over 2 minutes. Take advantage of the best value in entertainment with DISH Network from DISH 2 U! Reach your customer base with all the latest promotions, including: FREE Movie Channels FREE Multi-Sport Pack Featuring Red Zone Blockbuster Movies Included FREE HD for Life FREE DVR FREE Installation up to 6 Rooms Switch to DISH Network and Save Over $800! With packages starting as low as $19. 99/mo and next day installs available, there is something for everyone from DISH Network! Payments are monthly net 20. www. iCheckLoan. com: payday loan outbound campaign, rev-share 70% to the call center. Get customer on the phone, give customer a pin number and have the customer go to iCheckLoan. com to complete the loan application. Payments are weekly net 7. www. 2500CreditLine. com: Get paid $10 per sign up. No credit checks and No turndowns. Payments are weekly net 7. Customer get a $2,500 shopping line of credit and a Dollar for Dollar Rewards Prepaid MasterCard. If customer put $100 on their MasterCard, they will get another $100 put on the card = $200!!! The instant credit line costs the customer $99. 95 one-time sign up fee. Credit line has 0% interest, no APR, no finance charges or late fees. Debt Settlement Campaign: No Up Front Fees to Customers. Inbound campaign†¦yes inbound campaign. Experienced Debt Settlement call centers only. Take our inbound live calls where customer is on phone and wants more info on Debt Settlement services. Get customer to eSign contract. $100 payout per customer who’s first payment clears. Commissions Paid Weekly. Psychic Live Reading Campaign: $20 per sign up. Target is all English and Spanish speaking countries. Call center get customer on the phone and fill out form online. Customer then must check their email to confirm registration and minimum payment of $27. 99 to join. Payments are monthly net 30. Credit Repair: Call Transfer Campaign: customers have $10,000 or less in Debt, not considering Bankruptcy, typically have been declined for some type of loan recently. Payments are Monthly. Mon-Fri : 6:00 am to 10:00 pm Sat : 7:00 am to 2:00 pm (all times Mountain) Base: $3. 00 per call if duration = 10 min and during_hours and in_region Bonus: $6. 00 per call if duration 20 min and during_hours Bonus: $50. 00 per call if = â€Å"Funded Sale† Payments are monthly net 20 TheLawyerDirectory. com – Free Legal Case Review – $10 per lead for Bankruptcy, Divorce, DUI/DWI, Criminal Defense. $20 per lead for Personal Injury. Fill out forms online. Payments are monthly, net 20. The Car Donation Pay Per Call Affiliate Program: Base: $10. 0 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 2 min and pressed[1] Bonus: $10. 00 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 4 min and pressed[1] Bonus: $10. 00 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 6 min and pressed[1] Call Transfer Hours: Mon-Fri: 8:00 am to 6:00 pm (all times Eastern) Target Regions: All US A car donation is one of the most ef fective ways to get the most value out of your old or disused vehicles. At Car Donations Charity we can help you maximize your tax deduction and make sure your car does the most good. The process is simple and convenient, and we will help you through every step of the process, from the pickup to the delivery of the tax deductible receipt. It’s never been easier to donate your car to a charitable organization. Payments are monthly net 20 Health Insurance Pay Per Call Campaign: Outbound call then live transfer. Let us find you the right insurance plan. We are able to find the best rates from Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Humana,   Aetna and other insurance providers. Payout: Base: $3. 00 per call if during_hours and in_region and connect_duration 1 min 30 sec, Bonus: $15. 0 per call if connect_duration 5 min 30 sec. Target Regions: California, Colorado, Nevada Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm pst. California Home Insurance Pay per call: Let us find you the right home insurance plan. We are able to find the best rates from Mercury, Progressive, Safeco, Travelers, and other insurance providers. We are taking calls from California residents looking for homeo wner’s insurance. Payout: $10. 00 per call if connect_duration ; 2 min and during_hours Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm (all times Pacific) Target Regions: California Canda Life Insurance PayPer call: Call now to receive your free, no obligation, no medical exam life insurance quote! LSM Insurance is Canada’s leading provider of no medical life insurance. We have been in business over 18 years and work with the largest insurance carriers in Canada including Manulife Financial, Canada Life, RBC Insurance and BMO Insurance. Payout: $5. 00 per call if in_region and during_hours and connect_duration ; 1 min and pressed [ 1] Target Region: Canada Debt Collection Harassment Phone Verified Leads: Call center will fill out form online and submit leads during hours of operation listed. Payout: $5 per lead USA Residents Offers Coming Soon RateChecker. com: Complete Free Quote Portal offering all types of loans, insurance, and other types of financial information. Pure Lead Gen campaigns for online, offline and call centers. DiabeticCareTaker. com – Diabetic Medicare Lead Gen Campaign: Auto Warranty: Lead gen live call transfer. Call center makes outbound calls to potential customers who want to extend their auto warranty that is expiring or will expire soon. Payments are twice a month. Home Security Campaign – Lead gen live call transfer campaign where people are interested in getting a Free home security system installed. Customer only pays monthly fee, the equipment is free. Payments are once a month. Don’t see something you already have data for Please let me know 1. What campaigns you are interested in 2. I have the scripts and guidelines to assist with each program. 3. Send your company info as well for an Insertion order. Thank you, Scott Thompson, CEO Astoria Company, LLC. Admin@AstoriaCompany. com Skype: affiliatescott How to cite Call Center Sample Sheet, Essay examples

Plan to Promote Creative Thinking-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Develop a plan to promote creative thinking in your work organisation with a view to enhancing innovation. You will need to include an in-depth literature review critically evaluating alternative contemporary perspectives in order to draw meaningful conclusions and develop feasible recommendations to the organisation. Answer: Introduction It is an undisputed fact that leaders in organizations need to cope with and give a response to the complex matters in the workplace. In some cases, these problems and issues can be solved by adopting a standard set of actions or formula which entails thoroughly examining the drivers and circumstances, retracing something that had been done earlier, or applying logic to formulate the next step (Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2013 p.685). Woodman, Sawyer, and Griffin (1993) defined organizational creativity as the formulation of valuable and worthwhile new process, procedure, idea, service, or product by people working in a complex social system (Woodman, Sawyer, and Griffin 1993 p. 293). This paper aims at formulating a plan to promote workplace creative thinking so as to enhance innovation. The plan will incorporate theories and literature from various sources including the works of Amabile, Woodman, and Ekvall. Analysis The 21st century has made it necessary for organizations to deal with the ever-increasing levels of complexity. Notably, I think that leaders are now beginning to acknowledge the fact that a cookie cutter perspective is outdated and cannot solely drive the organization forward. I have studied multiple sources which give the general opinion that leaders are currently accepting that organizational problem solving will need more than just logic and analysis (Schneider and Spieth, 2013 p.1340001). Perhaps, I am of the opinion creativity might come in handy to create innovative solutions. In brief, to be creative, an individual will have to show originality and stay away from the status quo. It is important to note that when the whole team is granted creative freedom, a myriad of host benefits follow. Some of these benefits include enhanced intra and inter-team collaborations, ease in attracting and keeping the best talent and better profits and productivity (Prajogo, 2016 p.242). Keeping this in mind, it is essential to develop a plan tailored to fostering creative thinking in the workplace. Creating a plan will entail looking at the works of multiple reliable works. Goran Ekvall studied how different working conditions in various organizations impacted participation. In this regard, he identified the 9 spheres that can promote creativity in the workplace. These spheres include involvement and challenge, freedom, trust, idea time, humor, conflict, idea support, debate, and risk taking (Ekvall, G., 1996 p.106). All the aforementioned spheres are linked closely (and positively) to creativity and innovation in the workplace except conflict. Workplaces that have been noted to possess a high degree of conflict will find it difficult to sustain creativity and innovation. Therefore, Ekvalls work proposes that organizations should strive to clinch a high score on the 8 dimensions and a low one on the conflict dimension. By doing so, enhanced creativity would be realized. Ekvall further studies the impact of organizational climate on the productivity of the organization. Climate has a significant impact on the psychological as well as the organizational processes including handling of conflicts, problem solving, communication, and decision making. Organizational climate will, therefore, impact the productivity and efficiency of the business and also an impact on the innovation ability, job satisfaction, and the general wellbeing of the employees. In essence, the climate affects the individual organization member as a whole. In brief, to promote creativity and innovation, the organizations culture needs to be adjusted accordingly. Amabile (1997) notes that enhancement of creativity can only be realized if the entire team in the organization is ready to offer support. Leaders in the organization should, hence, enact the right systems and structures which stress on creativity as the most important aspect of the organization. She further suggests that organizations should support creativity by supporting it. Moreover, leaders should minimize gossips, politicking, and infighting as these have been noted to damage creativity and innovation. Amabile submits that such negativity can cause extreme consequences for organizational creativity. Amabile also gives a framework of small team creativity composed of 3 elements including individual motivation, creative thinking, and expertise (Amabile, T.M., 1997 p.39). A manager can impact all the three elements, but the most important element is motivation which entails giving challenges, encouragements, support, and availing resources. Hence, there are various steps a company can take to move from what is described as a traditional and less innovate setting to one that holds great value in creativity. I have described these approaches in the sections below. The first method I have identified is to promote creative thinking. Indeed, it is essential for the modern companies to encourage and promote the creativity of each and every worker. According to CIC, organizations can achieve this by allowing workers to take risks, make mistakes, be curious, question assumptions, seek formotivation via discussion and research, set aside time to determine inspirational sources, and explore various experiments and concepts to create excellent approaches and products (Qian, Cao and Takeuchi, 2013 p.115). Second, I fully agree that the organization should provide a fun and collaborative environment. In brief, this entails fostering an environment that is more inclined to face-to-face relationships so as to enhance collaboration. Additionally, the organization should encourage diversity. Looking at an Ernst Young Global Insight which was given recently, there is the great need for companies to shift from a consensus approach to doing things and promote diversity amongst workers. In the presence of diversity, creativity, and team-based problem-solving are achieved, which ultimately translates to general performance improvement. EY also references two types of research conducted by Ford Germany and Henley Management College, all of which agree that the greater the level of heterogeneity, the more creativity is observed, translating in an improved thought process. On the same note, Forbes emphasizes the need for employee diversity in a Forbes Insights report that focuses on crucial findings from a study of executives who valued inclusion and diversity in their organizations. Director of global diversity and inclusion at Intel notes that the productivity of the company has tremendously improved as a result of div ersity (Csikszentmihalyi and Sawyer, 2014 p.70). Therefore, it is true to conclude that diversity is a key innovation driver and also essential for global success. At this point, it is perhaps worth acknowledging that creativity in the office environment is of utmost importance. Notably, the cubicle is seemingly outdated and no employee would want to sit all day in a corner, separated from the entire office. Hence, if an organization needs to promote a creative culture, the office environment should mirror a new approach. The modern organizations which are regarded as more innovative and progressive have developed outstanding office spaces that are tailored to unite employees. Such designs are often composed of modern furniture, open spaces, activity centers, comfortable seating zones, bright colors, and so forth. These spaces ensure or give ample room for employees to chat, air their opinions and ideas, bond, and collaborate. Some of the outstanding office environments, as showcased by Forbes include Google, Microsoft, Epic, Infosys, and Box. Taking a look at Google office environment, for instance, employees can slide from one office floor to the other. At Microsoft offices, there are comfortable seating zones and big tablets for exploration and discussions. Conclusions As seen in this report, the time for transforming the working environment into a more innovative one has come. These new transformations should be aimed at redefining the functioning of organizations. This report not only outlines a clear plan for promoting creativity to achieve innovation but also briefly outlines the benefits that come along with creativity which include enhanced intra and inter-team collaborations, ease in attracting and keeping the best talent and better profits and productivity. For this reasons, promotion of creativity should be one of the top agendas in any organization. This report notes that to achieve creativity, the organization should start by promoting a culture of creativity. A workplace with a creative culture is associated with tremendous energy that is seemingly absent in the traditional office environment. In short, the working space is synonymous with excitement, employees can be seen to be actively thinking and sharing their thoughts, chatting, an d developing worthwhile concepts that aim at increasing the organization's productivity. The organization can achieve this by encouraging thoughts that exhibit creativity, offering a fun and collaborative working space, offering freedom coupled with the necessary boundaries, and encouraging diversity. Finally, as seen in big and innovate corporations such as Google and Microsoft, the time has come where organizations need to shift from outdated cubicles to a modern office landscape that reflects creativity and innovation. Recommendations Taking all the evidence provided in the analysis section into consideration, there is the need for organizations to foster and sustain creativity and innovation. The suggestions proposed by Ekvall and Amabile should serve as reference points for organizations. Ekvall proposes that organizations should strive to clinch a high score on the 8 dimensions and a low one on the conflict dimension. By doing so, enhanced creativity would be realized. The climate at the organization also plays a huge role in creativity as it impacts the productivity and efficiency of the business and also an impact on the innovation ability, job satisfaction, and the general wellbeing of the employees. Amabile insists that support from the entire team is important if creativity is to be realized. In this regard, leaders in the organization should be willing to enact the right systems and structures which stress on creativity as the most important aspect of the organization. Also, the organization needs to fost er diversity as multiple studies have been presented to argue the case that diversity promotes creativity. Such studies include those conducted by EY Insight, Ford Germany, and Henley Management College. These studies unanimously agree that the greater the level of heterogeneity, the more creativity is observed, translating in an improved thought process. In addition this, the entire working space matters a lot and time has come to where modern environments should reflect creativity and innovation. References Amabile, T.M., 1997. Motivating creativity in organizations: On doing what you love and loving what you do.California management review,40(1), pp.39-58. Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Sawyer, K., 2014. Shifting the focus from individual to organizational creativity. InThe systems model of creativity(pp. 67-71). Springer, Dordrecht. Dawson, P. and Andriopoulos, C., 2014.Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Ekvall, G., 1996. Organizational climate for creativity and innovation.European journal of work and organizational psychology,5(1), pp.105-123. Prajogo, D.I., 2016. The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance.International Journal of Production Economics,171, pp.241-249. Qian, C., Cao, Q. and Takeuchi, R., 2013. Top management team functional diversity and organizational innovation in China: The moderating effects of environment.Strategic Management Journal,34(1), pp.110-120. Schneider, S. and Spieth, P., 2013. Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), p.1340001. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation.Journal of management,39(3), pp.684-708. Weber, M.B., 2016. creativity and innovation.Library Resources Technical Services,60(3), pp.138-140. Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E. and Griffin, R.W., 1993. Toward a theory of organizational creativity.Academy of management review,18(2), pp.293-321. Yeh-Yun Lin, C. and Liu, F.C., 2012. A cross-level analysis of organizational creativity climate and perceived innovation: The mediating effect of work motivation.European Journal of Innovation Management,15(1), pp.55-76. Konsti?Laakso, S., Pihkala, T. and Kraus, S., 2012. Facilitating SME innovation capability through business networking.Creativity and Innovation Management,21(1), pp.93-105. Vaccaro, I.G., Jansen, J.J., Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Volberda, H.W., 2012. Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), pp.28-51

Williams

Williams

Learn the Conjugates of Peser (to Weigh) in French

Learn the Conjugates of Peser (to Weigh) in French Meaning to weigh, the French verb  peser  is used for measurements, but it can also be used to say to ponder, as in to weigh the consequences. Its an interesting verb and the conjugations require a stem change, which does make it a little trickier than others. Dont worry, though, a quick lesson in  pesers most useful forms will explain everything. The Basic Conjugations of  Peser Peser is a stem-changing verb. Not only do you have to concern yourself with adding the correct ending, theres also a difference in spelling to watch for. This change comes primarily in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood, though it will appear elsewhere as well. As you can see in the chart, there are times in which the  e  of the verb stem is accented  Ãƒ ¨. This happens often in verbs that end in  -e_er. Other than that,  peser  is conjugated much like any regular -er  verb.  Youll apply the same endings as you would for words like  tomber  (to fall) and that does make this a little easier for experienced French students. Beginning with the verb stem (or radical), which is  pes-, match the subject pronoun and the tense in the chart. This will help you learn that  je pà ¨se  means I am weighing and that  nous pesions  means we weighed. Present Future Imperfect je pse pserai pesais tu pses pseras pesais il pse psera pesait nous pesons pserons pesions vous pesez pserez pesiez ils psent pseront pesaient The Present Participle of  Peser The present participle of peser does not require the stem change. Instead, youll simply add -ant to the verb stem to create the word pesant. Peser  in the Compound Past Tense Passà © composà ©Ã‚  is the French compound past tense and it is used frequently. To form it, youll need to conjugate the auxiliary verb  avoir  to the present tense and follow it with the  past participle  pesà ©.  The results are phrases such as  jai pesà ©Ã‚  for I weighed and  nous avons pesà ©Ã‚  for we weighed. More Simple Conjugations of  Peser Peser  can also be useful in a few other simple conjugations. For instance, if youre uncertain if something is being weighed, you can use  the subjunctive. On the other hand, if the weighing is dependent on certain conditions,  the conditional  is used.   The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses and youll encounter these most often in formal French writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je pse pserais pesai pesasse tu pses pserais pesas pesasses il pse pserait pesa pest nous pesions pserions pesmes pesassions vous pesiez pseriez pestes pesassiez ils psent pseraient pesrent pesassent The  only time when its okay to drop the subject pronoun is when youre using  peser  in  the imperative.  This is for short statements that get to the point, so use  pà ¨se  rather than tu pà ¨se. Imperative (tu) pse (nous) pesons (vous) pesez

Corporate Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Law - Assignment Example The minority shareholders are often acknowledged as institutional investors among different business entities who play a limited function in influencing the background of corporate governance construction. This is majorly due to the fact that the presence of the majority shareholders within a business firm owning the rights to partially control its decision making process often facilitates significant sources of conflicts affecting the interests of the minority shareholders. It is worth mentioning in this regard that the minority shareholders posses certain rights which may be accessible in accordance with any ‘state close corporation laws’. These rights generally include amending corporate by-laws, voting during the election of the directors and organizing as well as managing annual meetings related with the shareholders among others as mentioned in the articles of association and memorandum. It has often been observed that the minority shareholders or the institutional investors find it to be quite challenging to exercise the aforementioned rights in a smooth way witnessing minimum disruptions. This is simply because the majority shareholders tend to dominantly control the business operations as they bear large proportion or percentage of shares along with various decision-making rights concerning the corporate governance structure of the particular entity. As the majority shareholders possess a maximum quantity of shares, it has been viewed that the interests of minority shareholders are being oppressed by several means.

Bioengineered foods are they safe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bioengineered foods are they safe - Essay Example Some have termed the genetically manipulated crops ‘frankenfoods’ and have questioned the potential harm to people and the environment that could come from their production. This discussion will answer these questions regarding the safety of these foods and present an overview of bioengineered foods. Bioengineering food involves â€Å"splicing a gene from one organism, such as a bacterium, into a plant or animal to confer certain traits† (Muth et al, 2002). These traits, developed for agricultural crops such as corn, soybeans, canola and cotton include increasing nutrients, tolerance to herbicides and drought, resistance to fungus and insects and reduced spoilage. Bioengineered corn and soybeans have become increasingly widespread among farmers during the last decade and the products can be commonly found in most grocery stores. Companies that engineer and produce bioengineered foods as well as manufacturers that choose to use these foods in their ingredients are faced with a stringent and ever-developing regulatory oversight by three government agencies; the USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Which agency regulates a particular product is determined by the intended use of the crop. Very often, a product is regulated by multiple agencies. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a division of the USDA, monitors products and organisms that affect plants. Products and organisms derived from bioengineering methods introduced to or manufactured in the U.S. require USDA identification. This agency then determines if the item in question is a ‘regulated article’ or a possible disease. If the USDA decides that the product or crop is to be regulated, â€Å"a written approval usually is issued that designates conditions for introduction of the article† (McCammon,

How oprah helped shape and is a positive influence on our cultural Essay

How oprah helped shape and is a positive influence on our cultural identity - Essay Example First, she changed how the people perceive talk shows as a form of entertainment. Usually, people see talk shows as that sort of â€Å"Jerry Springer Show† were people who have nothing much to do poke fun at one another in scandalous manner, or make fun of other people like the ‘Tonight Show’ variations. But with the â€Å"Oprah† show, it became an avenue for educated, informative, and positive discussion about almost any subject matter that makes sense, things that people should know about, or should care to know about. Oprah elevated, in a way, how people perceive talk shows in such a way that Oprah even paved the way—provided the platform even for most of the talk shows that we have today. Secondly, it was her idea to give the audience a quality television show that would give value to her audience that would educated her audience and empower them. She even went so far as to produce other talk shows to provide aspiring hosts the avenue to reach ou t to connect to wider audience. And now, she has launched her own network, which is beside her magazine and other media enterprise. Oprah as an Advocate Besides making great money with herself as the brand, she also used her celebrity status to further her causes. ... through livelihood programs and helping young African children through her school in Africa that caters to giving full scholarship to orphan and girls from poor families. And third, as part of the cultural minority, Oprah is also a political advocate. She openly supported President Barrack Obama in his presidential campaign because she believed that Obama represented change—not just political change in terms of platforms but cultural and social change because Obama would come down in history as the first African American President to be elected in office. And that I think is very symbolic because that meant the maturity of the American people in terms of how they perceive people of color. Oprah as a Philanthropist As a philanthropist, Oprah had given so much back to the community, not just to the American people through her lavish gifts—i.e. â€Å"Oprah’s favorite things†, donations, charity works, have also been a constant part of her life. Her school in Africa like I said has been a tremendous helped for the girls in that nation. In the country, during the hurricane Katrina, it was Oprah who was one of the many celebrities who used her celebrity status to raise fund and rebuild the affected communities. Other causes she champions includes raising funds and awareness to AIDS campaign, that is besides giving yearly Christmas gifts to deserving people which she surprises by inviting them as her audience to her show. Living Legend Oprah Winfrey is more than a celebrity, she is a cultural icon. She is a living legend; an American mover who has helped shaped and changed American culture in so many ways. Indirectly, she have helped elevate the entertainment industry on how people perceive talk shows and paved the way for a new class of talk shows that is more mature,

Effect of Computer on Design Creativity

Effect of Computer on Design Creativity Are computers taking away the creativity in design? Abstract Computers are an integral part of todays design process. They, computers represent a time and cost saving device that aids designs in rendering shapes and looking at a broader parameter of possibilities than would be possible otherwise. In looking at design, one must be aware that it represents a part of a business process that has competitive considerations. The foregoing includes costs, materials, innovation, uniqueness, distinction, functionality, and utility in gathering clients and well as customers. The contribution of computers in this highly charged environment has helped to drive down costs, while developing innovation as well as approaches to creativity. As such, designers have been able to expand their creativity through the ability of the computer to permit them to look at more possibilities in their search to arrive at solutions that fit within the preceding parameters. As software programs advance on a technological basis, newer and more powerful programs are increasingly taking on more roles in the design process. This represents the foundation of this examination in that generative design has captured a new part of the preceding in that software can generate designs based upon input parameters. Is the preceding innovative? The answer would have to be a yes. Does the foregoing aid in the business aspects in terms of broadening the range of potential possibilities, and helping to keep costs low? Again, yes is the answer. So, computers do have their place in increasing the efficiency and range of design outputs. The question is, has their role starting to become so large that they, computers are taking over the design function, relegating the designer to a computer operator? Chapter 1 Introduction In equating the question as to whether computers are taking away creativity in design, an exploration into the key words of the examination is seemingly in order. The Houghton Mifflin (2007) dictionary defines generative as â€Å"Having the ability to originate, produce, or procreate†. Design, represents the process whereby one creates, fashions, executes and or constructs according to a plan (Merriam Webster (2007). The design process, depending upon the application that is being utilised, represents trial and error in working through the steps to the final design that fits the parameters of the project (Brown, 2001, p. 2). In order to focus in on the context, design as it relates to architecture, construction and new products such as vehicles, and machines shall represent the core of the examination as represented by the question as opposed to the design of clothing, packaging, and related forms whereby the product is designed based upon primarily internal considerations as opposed to client, and or competitive, and market considerations. As brought forth by McDonagh et al (2004, p. 13): â€Å"As established products have become more similar in technology, functionality, price and quality, companies have turned to design to differentiate their offerings through human-centred innovation and to create stronger emotional connections with their customers. More companies have followed the example of Apple, Braun and Philips, recognising design as a strategic function in their business-not one subservient to marketing, manufacturing or engineering† The design process has increasingly become more competitive in terms of differentiating products, and appealing to clients and customers, as â€Å"†¦companies seek competitive advantage through more integrated offerings, with differentiation through all points of customer contact that express their brand† (McDonagh et al, 2004, p. 13). Thus, design is a critical function most businesses, taking differing forms, thus the election to restrict this examination to the aforementioned categories. Rittel and Weber (1973, p. 158) tell us that design problems are more than just complex, they, design problems, represent what they term as â€Å"wicked problems†. Moran and Carroll (1996, p. 4) in elaborating on the aforementioned advise that design problems â€Å"†¦be stated per se or solved in the sense of definitive answers, because the criteria for evaluating goals and outcomes are innumerable, subjective, and conflicting†. They add that (Moran and Carroll, 1996, p. 4): â€Å"Any solution will generate waves of consequences that interact among themselves and with other problems, changing the problem situation in irreversible and unknown ways. Thus, each wicked problem is merely a symptom of further wicked problems; their solutions cannot even be finally evaluated.† In understanding the nuances as well as ramifications of design, it is necessary to note that design is a process that it usually proceeds under conditions that are represented by a high degree of uncertainty, whereby answers to critical facets cannot be had (Moran and Carroll, 1996, p. 4). The design process also is constrained by real world considerations as represented by time, and budgets, thus the boundaries of the process, design, are not unlimited. Thus, in view of constraints, the design process needs both ingenuity as well as creativity. As brought forth by Rittel and Weber (1973, p. 158), the complexity of design problems make design projects too large for on individual to handle as multiple â€Å"†¦technical disciplines are required, as well as management discipline, in addition to creative and integrative skills† (Moran and Carroll, 1996, p. 5). Evidence supporting the technical difficulties involved in the design process is presented by Brown (1998, pp. 45-46), who states the failure rate for new buildings of all types before construction starts is around 10%. For new products, such as electronics and related categories, the failure rate as a result of design is generally within Browns (1998, pp. 45-46) range, however there are exceptions, such as the 33% failure rate that Microsofts new Xbox 360 is experiencing (DailyTech, 2007). Pressures to get it right represent a critical business decision, whether there is a client involved, or if the design process represents an internal process for the companys own products. Thus, time, cost, simplicity, and failure rate minimisation are critical business concerns that the designer must operate within. Thus, the design function, while being creativity, is also subject to the foregoing pragmatic considerations. Generative design software represents the processes whereby new designs can be automatically produced at the push of a button (Mass Customization Open Innovation News, 2006). The preceding represents computer software taking various design specifications and formulating them into a final design matrix based upon the input variables within the software program (Mass Customization Open Innovation News, 2006). The basic forms, patterns and or objects is modified automatically by an algorithm, thus permitting faster trail and error processes (Mass Customization Open Innovation News, 2006). The process of automatic design generation permits thousands of differing designs to be produced, as well as permitting new ones, as the design process is not restricted to the designers imagination (Mass Customization Open Innovation News, 2006). It, generative design is â€Å"†¦ the power or function of generating, originating, producing, or reproducing† (Merriam Webster, 2007). The designing of architecture, and products represent processes that are three-dimensional (Beilharz, 2004). Parameters as represented by colour, texture, utility design input constraints, space, regulations, gravity, materials, heat (in the case of certain products) and costs are the boundaries to the structure as well (Beilharz, 2004). The application of generative systems to design affects the design process phases and â€Å"†¦ integrates the macrocosmic and microcosmic relations of the design system†. For the purpose of clarification, macrocosmic represents â€Å"and large or complex system or structure made up of similar smaller systems or structures †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (allwords.com, 2007), whereas microcosmic is defined as â€Å" a little world †¦ a community or other unity that is an epitome of a larger unity† (Merriam Webster, 2007). This examination shall look at whether or not computers are taking away creativity in design by focusing on generative design, and how it affects the designer. In delving into the preceding, a number of important areas shall be examined in order to understand the design process, what it entails, along with what creativity is and how it is utilised. Chapter 2 -The Design Process In designing a product, building, vehicle or machine the principle output as represented by the design process is its specification as represented by either an annotated CAD rendering and or a schematic (Moran and Carroll, 1996, p. 324). The design rationale represents the why the design is done in the manner that it is, with the foregoing including various types of information (Moran and Carroll, 1996, p. 324). Fry (1999, p. 22) takes a wider view of design, stating that â€Å"†¦ it is one of the most powerful ways to understand how a world is prefigured, made and acts†. Mitchell (1990, pp. 67-71) explains the design process as one that depending upon the context, takes on differing forms. He explains that the most usual computational variations represent transformations, which he terms as unary, as well as binary operations of shapes as represented in either two dimensional drawings, and or three dimensional geographic models (Mitchell, 1990, pp. 68-69). Mitchell (1993, p. 25) states that there are areas in computer-aided design that fail to support creativity, citing shape emergence as an example. Mitchell (1993, p. 25) argues that: â€Å"that design intentions evolve through the course of a creative design process, that these intentions determine how emergent shapes in drawings will be recognized, interpreted, and reinterpreted, and that interpretation (and reinterpretation) of emergent shapes plays a crucial role in directing design explorations. Traditional computer-aided design systems do not effectively support creative design because they provide only very limited and inflexible ways of interpreting shapes.† In elaborating on the foregoing Mitchell (1993, p. 25) adds â€Å"†¦Computer-aided design systems can, however, be developed on an alternative foundation that provides the necessary flexibility†. Jun and Kim (2003) have a differing opinion of the preceding. They argue that shape semantics in CAD systems offer the potential for the emergence of shape semantics. In presenting their view, Jun and Kim (2003) offer the following rationale: â€Å"Drawings in the early phase of design support both continuity and change in a process of design through the use of two different types of drawings (1): context drawings which hold the evolving design decisions, and exploration drawings which are abstracted from the context drawing and act as graphic probes to investigate selected issues. The notion of emergence in design is found here. The ambiguity of the exploration drawings enables a designer to read more out of a drawing than he or she puts into it; that is, to generate new meanings within the design task. Through exploring drawings that are ambiguous until concept formation (2) is reached, various interpretations, in particular in visual aspect, are possible. As a consequence new drawings emerge. This process plays a crucial role to develop conceptual form in architectural design.† The limitations found in CAD systems are based in the fact that they are fixed, in terms of the representation that are embedded (Jun and Kim, 2003). They argue that there are three types of emergence in the architectural field, â€Å"†¦ shape emergence, shape semantics, and style emergence† (Jun and Kim, 2003). The rationale for this brief look at emergent shape semantics is that it represents a visual design concept, thus representing a segment of creativity (Jun and Kim, 2003). An alternative view of computers and creativity is offered by Kathleen Gibson, an associate professor of design and environmental analysis, who believes that computers actually aid in increasing creativity (Winter, 2003). Professor Gibsons unconventional approach is based upon the rationale that the designer can look at a multitude of differing examples, shapes, configuration and styles as part of their own internal creative processes and potential come up with ideas, shapes, and approaches that they may not have worked on without the aide of a computer to run through variations (Winter, 2003). Mathias (1993) advises that the more time and input designers spend on conceptualising through drawing, visualising as well as re-evaluating designs, the more they, in general, generate new information through multiple reviews and analysis, also resulting in reasoned explanations concerning problems, and proposed solutions. Lawson (1980, p. 6) advises that design represents a mental process that is highly organised, that is capable of manipulating differing as well as many kinds of information. He adds that the preceding blends that data into a set of ideas that is coherent, and finally results on the generation of ideas related to the process (Lawson, 1980, p. 6). Design, as shown throughout this examination, is a process, involving creativity, mental reviews, the manipulation of data and ideas, along with design possibilities, and then synthesising the process toward the end solution. In looking closely at the foregoing, it can easily be deduced that the limitations of the foregoin g are represented by the breathe of experience, exposure and mental foundation bank of the designer. This thus further explains why Mathias (1993) makes his statement that the more time designers spend on ‘drawing, visualising as well as re-evaluating designs, the more they, in general, generate new information through multiple reviews and analysis, the more they see other approaches, solutions and ways in which to accomplish the task, thus heightening their creativity. The explanation of the design process foregoing represents the use of non-creative facets, such as a systematic approach to the design issues and problems (Browne and Smith, 1993, pp. 1209-1218). Hertz (1992, pp. 396) brings forth what he terms as the mental synthesis-creation cycle, which represents the process of exploring alternatives in the development of the design that solves the end product and or building / structure. This represents the same approach, in general conception, as offered by Lawson (1980, p. 6). Chapter 3 Creativity Creativity, as stated by Turner (1994, p. 21) represents â€Å"†¦ the bringing forth of an original product of the human mind †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , which also has what he terms as its â€Å"†¦ mundane side as well†. The creative process is present in all of us. It represents our approach to problem solving for issues that we have not experienced before, through utilising past knowledge combined in new ways to result in a solution (Turner, 1994, p. 21). In equating creativity Weisberg (1986, p. 10) tell us that a solution is creative if it has significant novelty, and is useful. In order to qualify as creative, the new approach, and or solution must be new as well as different from those that preceded it, and, those differences need to be significant (Weisberg, 1986, pp. 12-13). The utility, usefulness, is the second facet present in a creative solution, it must solve the problem in a new, and better manner than those that preceded it, that can include at less cost, fewer parts, faster response time, etc. (Weisberg, 1986, pp. 12-13). In the design process, Cross (1986, p. 15) advises that the special ways in which designers think is embedded in their visual thinking process. Their process of creativity is based in lines, relationships, drawings and formulas representing their approach to problems (Cross 1986, p. 17-18). It must be noted that Dorst et al (1991, pp. 39-40) brought forth that the field of study in terms of design thinking was found lacking in three important areas. Dorst el al (1991, p. 42) identified the preceding as 1. a lack of research clarity, 2. lack of consistency in the tools, methods and theories utilised, and 3. the lack of a common unifying purpose. In defining design thinking, Dorst et al (1991, p. 43) advise that it represents the totality of cognitive activities during the design. The preceding is called ‘design reasoning that is distinguished from inituition as a result of the conscious as well as predictable use of rules representing inference for the outcomes of using and mani pulating design information. The preceding brings forth the facet of intuition as an important part of the process (Dorst et al, 1991, p. 46). It, intuition, resides in the subconscious, which represents the synthesis of experiences, ideas, new approaches and concepts to result in approaches (Dorst et al , 1991, p. 46). In subjecting the preceding to experimentation, Dorst et al (1991, p. 46-48) utilised four designers in a reasoning task that was comprised of a series of architectural drawings for buildings of modest size containing 9 errors. The designers had to locate the errors in a think aloud mode to let their processes be known, which was being recorded, and also making sketches, along with marking the drawings (Dorst et al, 1991, p. 46-48). Later analysis of the recordings resulted in the formulation of two groupings. One represented the mental process of new design generation through changes in the drawings and designs (Dorst et al, 1991, p. 46-48). The second category revealed that the verbal statements made led to new information generation that built upon prior statements they uttered aloud (Dorst et al, 1991, p. 46-48). Their prior histories and experiences represented the database to ascertain the errors, and pose solutions. In commenting upon this Dorst et al (1991, p. 46-48) noted th at the resulting changes were not novel, nor creative, but did solve the errors. The purpose of the foregoing is that the designers were only given a limited time frame in which to conduct their reviews, which demonstrated visual thinking as well as visual reasoning processes (Dorst et al, 1991, p. 46-48). The importance of the preceding is that it brought forth the manner in which designers use visual thinking to stimulate their processes. Wiggins and Schon (1992, pp. 45-51) provide illumination to this direction in advising that drawings and representation represent the manner in which designers communicate, not only with themselves, they also use it to communicate with others in furtherance of their ideas. Important in the preceding, is that designers employ visual thinking that consists of three types of visual imagery. The preceding is represented by what they see, what they imagine, and what they draw (McKim, 1980, p. 26). The foregoing is a highly important point in this examination, thus the rationale for the exploration these areas. Drawings and other visual representations aid in the stimulation process. It is the combination of these factors that are utilised by designers in the process of creating new designs and creative solutions. Further elaboration on this process is important in understanding the manner in which visual representations aid the design, and creative processes. Wiggins and Schon (1992, pp. 102-122) tell us that drawings help the designer in seeing, interpreting what can be potentially moved, re-evaluated, and or transformed. Tovey (1989, pp. 26-31) argues that seeing is an important part of the design process as it aids the designer in imaging, which prompts creativity and drawing. The preceding three processes work together to encourage visual thinking. The connection between the use of computers as an aid in this process will be further explored to draw upon examples that either support or refute if generative design impacts the designer, and if it aids or diminishes creativity. Herbert (1988, pp. 26-40), in his exploration of the design process states that once a designer begins to perceive the task, images, and or pictures representing solutions start to be generated in the designers mind. He adds that in the beginning of the process, these images, pictures, ideas and thoughts are not really well defined, thus needing further development (Herbert, 1988, pp. 26-40). The next stage on the process moves towards more refinement as potential solutions, a means to these ends and the routes and ideas as to how to arrive there start to develop (Herbert, 1988, pp. 26-40). The foregoing was brought forth by Mathias (1993) who advised that designer tends to utilise drawing as a means to move to developing their first ideas, and in later stages of the process, drawings are utilised for synthesis. This is what Mathias (1993) describes as stepping back and then forward in the mental processes to be engaged, and then reflect on what has been thought, to re-engage the pro cess again. Mathias (1993, pp. 113) diagrams the preceding as follows: Diagram 1 Designers Framework for Idea Development (Mathias, 1993, p. 113) Analysis of problem statement Holistic solution concept Problem Solution concept Convergence Exploration Validation Solution Mathias (1993) and McKim (1980) follow the same conceptual foundation in terms of imagery (drawings), representing a foundational facet in the design process. The preceding is part of the creative mental synthesis process whereby ideas begin as a result of engagement with the project. Verstijnen (1997), conducted experiments based upon the research methods of Finke (1990) as well as Helstrup and Anderson (1993). The six experiments conducted by Verstijnen (1997) used undergraduate industrial design engineering and psychology students to investigate emergent figures and drawing / sketching relationships. The experiment called for some students to utilise sketching and drawing, and the others to use mental processes only in resolving the problem of wire frame drawings that had figures embedded (Verstijnen, 1997). The second experiment represented the investigation of creative mental synthesis tasking asked to generate shapes that were creative based upon a cube, sphere and cone. The results indicated that the restrictions of memory was not a motivating factor in sketching as an aid in creative mental synthesis experiments (Verstijnen, 1997). In the reinterpretation of shapes, the task proved difficult based upon the utilisation of imagery alone, thus suggesting an aid was needed, drawing (Verstijnen, 1997). She added that sketching for use in synthesis may not play a significant, and or important role, however in creative mental synthesis, sketching helped to yield a higher number of creative forms (Verstijnen, 1997). A comparison of the engineering students, and non-students was not included in her study (Verstijnen, 1997). From the foregoing, the data thus far reviewed seemingly indicates that visual thinking represents an important facet of creative mental synthesis, which is important in the design of new objects. The foregoing also seems to point to the fact that the manipulation of visual images in a mental mode is an important aspect of mental creative synthesis. In addition, the preceding seems to also point to the fact that drawing is important in supporting the process of creative synthesis in new design. The use of the word seemingly and seem are utilised as there is little to no empirical evidence to support the preceding, thus the views are based upon the views as expressed by a number of authors and researchers. Chapter 4 Generative Design In generative design, the description and design of relationships and components is accomplished by the use of powerful algorithms (MacDonald et al, 2005). These algorithms permit users to manipulate geometry and dynamically model through the application of rules that capture relationships in geometric features, along the defining of complex forms (MacDonald et al, 2005). Under a generative design program, the designer, utilising a CAD tool that specifies parameters and the restraints, the program then generates a number of outcomes that the designer then utilises as input, and or for another generation of shapes, forms or approaches, solutions (MacDonald et al, 2005). The generative design approach is applicable in the whole design process, once the parameters have been input and modified (Gatarski and Pontecorvo, 1999). Generative design has been employed in the development of cars, cell phones, structures and other areas. CAD and Design Automation software has long been utilised to optimise the assembly of differing design elements. Through the use of visualisation software, designers are able to see the results without having to build prototypes. In the generative design methodology, outcomes are rendered after a detailed and high level of input specification, thus saving time over the CAD and Design Automation approach that requires time in that each instance of an idea has to be imagined, manually expressed, and evaluated (Gatarski and Pontecorvo, 1999). On the most basic level, generative design systems consist of four elements (Gatarski and Pontecorvo, 1999): design representation, generation engine, expression engine, mechanism for evaluation and selection of the new generated specifications The following, further explains the workings within these steps (Gatarski and Pontecorvo, 1999): design representation, The design representation are input as a set of parameters, along with the corresponding constraints. In the preceding, the parameter sets represent the genetic design elements, defining the form as well as structural aspects. The constraint set controls the aesthetic as well as the fabrication facets, meaning the limitations as afforded by the material dynamics to be utilised. The foregoing constraints, and rules thus place a limit on the range of the generated design. generation engine This aspect of the generative design process represents the internal process that generates the new design descriptions. It represents a set of prototype design descriptions that are also termed as ‘parents, and then utilises the algorithm to take the parameter sets and combine them into new descriptions, or children. In general, the algorithms use operations that are based upon the concepts found in the mutation and crossover aspects found in genetics. The preceding thus ensures that the descriptions, children, are drawn from the parameter values as contained in the prototype set. expression engine In the process of generative design, the expression engine interprets the descriptions, rendering them into a structure or model. The process can be set so that it is modular, thus permitting it to be able to support a host of alternative interpretations. mechanism for evaluation and selection of the new generated specifications The generative design approach is based upon having an objective function that evaluates the fitness output of the specifications of the design. In creative design area this facet is usually embedded in the human using the system. The foregoing is termed the human user in the loop as it provides a more intelligent and analytic capability as opposed to computed functions. The preceding is described as being a better match for the ranges of possibilities offered by the generative approach. Generative design offers the ability for designers to try as many ideas as possible, a critical facet when time is a constraining factor. It permits designers to thus present a variety of solutions that can thus be evaluated internally and or through focus group testing to refine the process and move to the final design variables. The foregoing recognises the fact that the design process has always been a process that is subject to the acceptance of the end user, which is either the client, or the general public. It, generative design, thus represents a means to work through a wide variety of approaches to achieve faster approximations of what will work. Chapter 5 The Role of Computers If computers are potentially limiting, and or taking away design creativity, it would seem appropriate to example the role of computers in the design process and attending questions. In the pragmatic sense, unlimited time to render and use a design is not a function of the design process. Whatever the function, be it architecture or products, there is a limited time frame for the design process to take shape, evolve, become proven through mathematical, structural, component material and cost / build considerations. The preceding represent constraints on the process that are real as well as binding. Computers have advanced the process of design through software such as CAD that enable users to perform a number of functions in time saving fashion. The preceding takes in such functions as (SAP, 2006): wire frame geometry creation, solid modelling, 3D parametric, freeform surfaces, automated assembly design, engineering drawings from solid models, re-utilisation of design components ease on design modification and the generation of multiple versions, automated generation of design components, design simulation without prototype building, data exchange, as an aid in visualisation process for areas such as rotation, shading, etc., design studies as a few of the more important, or used functions. In equating this segment of the examination, the question of creativity resurfaces. As previously mentioned by Turner (1994, p. 21), creativity brings  ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ forth of an original product of the human mind †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In the design process, it aids in the production of multiple view, as well as ideas. Gero (1991) indicates that there are, in his view, five creative design processes that result in the introduction of new variables in the design prototype. These are (Gero, 1991): Combination Mutation Analogy First Principles, and Emergence The following sets forth the preceding in more detail Combination Gero (1991) tells us that ‘combination represents the combining of two or more prototype designs, with the new resulting variable introduced into the original from the former. Within this process, mutation represents the alteration of variables as accomplished by external agents (Gero, 1991). Mutation Within the preceding process, mutation represents the alteration of variables as accomplished by external agents (Gero, 1991). Through mutation, new variables can result due to extrapolation, and or combination of the variables (Gero, 1991). Analogy This is also known as ‘case-based reasoning, representing structural elements applied by one prototype design into another design problem, as well as the use of past processes for a new design problem (Gero, 1991). First Principles The above is a process whereby new relational knowledge is logically derived from the behaviour of existing structures without the knowledge of the prototype (Gero, 1991). Emergence The process of inferring structural elements that are new through the extension of elements that exist, represents emergence (Gero, 1991). Indurkhya (2002), in defining creativity from a different perspective, provides insight into Geros (1991) concept of new variable introduction. H

The Negative Effects of Eminem’s Lyrics Essay -- Music

The Negative Effects of Eminem’s Lyrics Eminem is a name that most Americans have grown to know about in the last year. Not only for his music, but for the controversy that his music brings. Many people are offended by his lyrics and they believe that he should be regulated in some way. In my paper I will give some background on Eminem, some examples of his lyrics, different points of view, and my personal beliefs on this situation. Eminem is a character whose real name is Marshall Mathers III. He was born in Kansas City and traveled between there and Detroit with his mother during a rough divorce in his early life. He lived a pretty rough life, changing schools and friends constantly. He grew up rapping with African American friends and was always interested in rapping. Although he's Caucasian, he has fit right in with Dr. Dre and his partners. Eminem had until just recently been married to a young woman named Kim. Kim and Marshall were high school sweethearts but have had a really rough marriage. They have a five year old child named Hailie, who which Eminem attributes much of his success and mentions in several of his songs. Dr. Dre discovered Eminem and signed a contract with him. Eminem's debut album "Infinite" was released in 1996 (Eminem). Several of Eminem's lyrics are considered "hate lyrics" by many organizations, individuals, and companies. Many of these people consider his songs hate lyrics because of his repeated use of the word "faggot." On the "Marshall Mathers LP" album Eminem mentions "fag" or "faggot" thirteen times in eighteen songs (Glaad). Also, some of the lyrics are very graphic and violent towards women. A few examples of songs that have anti-gay lyrics are "Kill You," "Who Knew," "Skit: Steve ... ...tions/documents/index.html?record=2500 Garry, Joan M. "From The Desk Of Glaad Executive Director." 2 January 2001. http://www.glaad.org/org/topics/?topic=857 "Glaad Action Alert: Eminem's Hate Lyrics." http://www.pflag-phoenix.org/eminemlyrics.html "History of Glaads Work Regarding Eminem." July 2000. http://www.glaad.org/org/publications/documents/index.html?record=2667 "History of Glaads Work Regarding Eminem." August 2000. http://www.glaad.org/org/publications/documents/index.html?record=2667 "History of Glaads Work Regarding Eminem." September 2000. http://www.glaad.org/org/publications/documents/index.html?record=2667 Moody, Nekesa Mumbi. "Thousands Protest Grammy Nods For Eminem." 5 January 2000. http://www.msnbc.com/news/512380.asp?cp1=1 MTV News Archieve. "Eminem: I Came To Make A Statement." 23 February 2001 http://mtv.com/nav/intro_news.html