Sunday, March 15, 2020
The Descent of Hag
The Descent of Hag The Descent of Hag The Descent of Hag By Mark Nichol The headline of this post uses descent in two senses: This post discusses the etymological origin of hag, but it also points out how the connotation of the term has plummeted in status. The contemporary connotation of hag is ââ¬Å"old woman,â⬠with additional senses of a careless, ugly, or evil appearance; the offensive term ââ¬Å"fag hagâ⬠refers to a straight woman who associates with gay men. In the Middle Ages, the term referred to a female demon or an evil spirit, but it was originally associated with highly respected oracles, or soothsayers. Hag is the truncated version of the Old English term hagetes (also spelled hagtesse), meaning ââ¬Å"witchâ⬠or ââ¬Å"sorceress.â⬠The second syllable, later misidentified as a mere suffix, was lopped off, but thatââ¬â¢s the essential element; itââ¬â¢s probably related to words in other languages referring to demons or spirits, while hag is likely cognate with hedge. The significance of that term is that hedges were considered the boundary between civilization and the wild, and witches- and reclusive women with mysterious healing abilities who were sometimes accused of being witches- straddled both worlds. A term with a loose association, hagridden, refers to sleep paralysis, because of the belief that oneââ¬â¢s sense of being immobilized while lying in bed was caused by a spirit bearing down on the sufferer; by extension, the term also means ââ¬Å"tormented,â⬠and the verb hagride means ââ¬Å"torment.â⬠Similarly, the rare adjective hagged originally meant ââ¬Å"bewitchedâ⬠and later acquired the sense of ââ¬Å"gaunt,â⬠due to the belief that such an appearance was the result of bewitchment. Haggard, originally meaning ââ¬Å"unrulyâ⬠or ââ¬Å"wild,â⬠is not directly related- it comes from the Old French phrase faulcon hagard (ââ¬Å"wild falconâ⬠)- but itââ¬â¢s a distant relation that acquired the sense of ââ¬Å"wornâ⬠by association with hag. Other related words include the archaic noun haw, meaning ââ¬Å"enclosureâ⬠(the first syllable of hawthorn), and hex, which originally referred to a witch but later came to apply to a witchââ¬â¢s spell. (Haggle has a separate derivation; itââ¬â¢s related to hack.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withWriting the Century25 Idioms with Clean
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